Enables machines to learn from experience, adapt to new information, and perform human-like
tasks. AI has replaced people in many monotonous tasks. Machines or systems that mimic human
behaviors t can successfully develop through the analysis of the collected data. The most famous
examples are bots and autonomous machines, which are used in many factories. Most nowadays, cars
are built by AI robots. This solution is expensive, but it reduces the risk of defects, misses,
accidents, etc.
Android
The operating system for mobile devices (other than iPhone). At the beginning of 2008, Google
showed three prototypes devices with Android, and the first phone went on sale a few months
later. It was an HTC Dream. Currently, this is the most popular system. It is found in most
smartphones. Applications are mainly written in Java or Kotlin.
Angular
A free and open-source framework developed by Google for creating single-page applications
(SPA). It is based on TypeScript, which later will convert to JavaScript. Angular has everything
that developers need to create a website. It doesn't require any HTTP libraries, etc., unlike
other frameworks. It is incorrectly called Angular 2. Initially, it was supposed to be the
second version of AngularJS, but Google decided to publish it like another product due to the
lack of backward compatibility.
Apache Cordova
An open-source framework for developing mobile hybrid apps in Android and iOS. It cooperates
with CSS, HTML, and JavaScript and increases its functionality.
Apache Solr
An open-source search engine platform. Its primary function is full-text searching from an
indexed and specific database. It all happens in real-time, so we don't have to click any button
to search. With each successive letter, more and more matched results are shown. That solution
is recommended when the database isn't updated too often. It is used, for example, by Apple,
eBay, and Netflix. The main competitor is Elasticsearch.
API
Application Programming Interface. Rules that strictly define how programs communicate with each
other. API works as an intermediary, explaining who has access to specific data, such as
statistics.
B
Backend
It is all that the user can't see, for example, the structure of code, database, or admin panel.
Without this, the software doesn't work correctly. The most popular programming languages for
backend are Java, C#, PHP, and Python. It is opposite to the Frontend.
Backlink
It's a link from another website that points to your site and is closely related to SEO. It
causes more moves on the website. Examples of external backlinks are guest or sponsored articles
on other sites. However, there are also inside backlinks responsible for referring to subpages
from the same page.
Backup
A safety copy. Mainly, backup contains all databases and files. It is saved on a separate server
or disk. As a result, nothing is lost when the main server has a failure. Backup should be made
even several times a day.
Big Data
A large database with lots of variable values. The analysis of such a database is usually
complicated but effective. However, it is impossible without special software, algorithms, etc.
Many conclusions can be obtained from such data. Big Data is usually used in AI solutions.
Bootstrap
A free framework developed by Twitter used to create RWD websites. It is also designed to build
mobile-first websites. The main advantage of this is using a responsive CSS grid, which speeds
upcoding. Moreover, Bootstrap solves a problem with compatibility between the most popular
browsers by using Reboot, which normalizes source code to each browser.
Bot
A short form of the word "robot." It means software that simulates and mimics real human
behaviors. It is often used to automate some tasks. The easiest examples are Chatbots and
Voicebots, which we can find on many websites. They are based on AI solutions.
Bug
A technological error, usually caused by mistakes in source code.
C
C
It is one of the oldest programming languages. It is a structured language, and it doesn't
support object-oriented programming. C is a base for many other languages, for example, C++, C#,
Java, PHP, etc. C is mainly used in low-level tasks, such as making software or
microcontrollers. Also, many libraries are based on that language because it's compatible with
most programming languages. Moreover, C was used in developing parts of operating systems such
as Windows, Linux, and Android. Coding is easy and efficient, which causes C to be very
popularized. We can find it in various devices, such as microwaves, smartwatches, automatic car
gearboxes, and climate control.
C #
Also called "C Sharp." It is an innovative object-oriented programming language that Microsoft
developed as competition to Java. It's integrated with .NET, which is a framework and also a
runtime program. The popular game Terraria is based on C#. It was created to develop
applications for Windows, but thanks to .NET, it can be used on Linux and Mac. C sharp is also
used to make web applications and cross-platform mobile apps. Moreover, it can be connected with
the Unity engine, which means developing games and VR platforms. The main advantage is that it
is an easy-to-learn programming language. The process of development is speedy because memory
management isn't required. Furthermore, every variable must have declared a stored data type.
Otherwise, the program will generate an error. It is both a disadvantage and an advantage
because we have to declare more information to the program. However, it helps with finding bugs.
C++
One of the most popular programming languages in general-purpose uses, which was created in
1985. It is suitable for developing cross-platform applications without any mods. However, that
requires sticking to the rules because some libraries are adjusted to only one system. Mainly,
it is used in embedded systems. For example, Apple OS X, Windows XP, Vista, and 7 are developed
in C++. However, it has much more use. It is applied where software good performance is
essential - Adobe used it while developing Photoshop and other programs. C ++ is also the basis
for various e-commerce servers, web browsers, or game engines. C++ is more difficult to learn
than other programming languages because it is more complex. However, it gives the developer
more control over the program. It is crucial in the systems where it is used. Summing up, it is
applied wherever good performance, and low resource consumption is necessary.
Closed Source
Type of software with secured source code, which is inaccessible to others. Only original
authors are allowed to edit and share that software, opposite to open source. Examples of that
are Skype, Java, Adobe Flash, Microsoft Office, and Mac OS.
Cloud Computing
Data processing is a service provided by an external service provider. It means that you don't
need to download and install any software. Everything is done in "the cloud," but network access
is necessary to make anything. The most popular cloud solutions are, for example, web disks,
such as Google Drive or Dropbox, which allow storage of data and files.
CMS
Content Management System. It is a type of software made to create and edit the website's
content, created for non-programmers to make it easier for them to add new content to the page.
The most popular CMS is WordPress, based on PHP.
CRM
Customer Relationship Management. Type of software for managing, analyzing, and maintaining the
customers, employees, and partners database.
CSS
The expansion of that shortcut means Cascading Style Sheets. It is a programming language used
to define the graphic display of websites by interacting with HTML elements. CSS is used in
Frontend, and it is responsible for page layout, colors, fonts, etc. The newest version, CSS3,
allows creating an attractive and transparent website, especially while it is connected with
HTML5.
CTA
Call to Action. Buttons encourage the user to click and continue the conversation path. It is a
marketing method to generate potential leads from users. An example of such buttons is
subscribing to the newsletter or creating an account on the website.
D
Dart
An object-oriented programming language for general-purpose uses. It was developed by Google and
published in 2011. It is a base for the Flutter framework, which contributed to increasing its
popularity. Moreover, Google shared dev-browser Dartium, which allows coding in that browser,
and only that, because this isn't a product for users. However, Dart supports compilations with
JavaScript, which is necessary after finishing coding in Dartium. Thanks to that, Dart can be
used to create websites.
Data Science
It is still improving analyzing data and learning from it using many processes, algorithms, and
systems. It is directly related to machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data.
DevOps
Development and Operations. It is an innovative method of software development that allows
saving time and improves processes. It ensures fast communication between teams and joint
delivery of value for the customer. However, there is no specific definition because DevOps
engineers can have various duties
Django
A free and open-source backend framework for Python. It is created for simplification and speeds
up web app development by providing ready-made solutions. Django was used, for example, by
Pinterest, Instagram, and Spotify to help develop their websites.
DNS
Domain Name Server. A protocol that translates domain names into computer-understandable
numerical data. For example, our domain mDevelopers.com is changed to 172.67.73.29 because this
is our IP address. It works like a phone book - we choose the contact's name, and the phone uses
a unique phone number that probably we don't remember.
DOM
Document Object Model. It is an API for HTML and XML documents. Responsible for the structure
and the way of its representation. Another variant is virtual DOM, stored in memory and
synchronized by the library, such as ReactDOM.
Drupal
An open-source free framework, and its management system is developed in PHP. It is one of the
most popular CMS for websites. Drupal allows creating almost any type of Internet solution, for
example, blogs, forums, government websites, and even complicated web applications or e-shops.
It is used by big companies such as Tesla, Warner Bros, NASA, and Pfizer. Moreover, the
advantages of Drupal are security, scalability, and efficiency. Also, it is SEO-friendly. Due to
that, it is in world leaders' CMS systems.
E
E-commerce
Electronic commerce that relatively recently entered life. However, now it is one of the most
profitable commerce, and it is still growing. It happens because people love shopping on the
Internet. Every product is available online. The only need is waiting for delivery. The biggest
e-commerce companies in the world are Amazon, eBay, and AliExpress.
Elasticsearchd
An open-source search engine platform, like Apache Solr. The basic is the same. Each following
letter updates the search results. It all happens in real-time, which means that we don't have
to click the search button. Moreover, both solutions are often compared to each other. However,
Elasticsearch is younger than its competitor and offers a few more features.
F
Firebase
Google's platform for creating mobile and web applications. It allows creating applications in
modern technologies, such as React and Angular, without using Backend. It improves the work of
programmers by quickly pointing out bugs, thanks to detailed reports generated all the time from
the beginning.
Firewall
One of the many tools to secure networks and systems, but the firewall is the first line of
defense. The main solution is filtering and blocking dangerous network connections in real-time
by monitoring and analyzing inbound and outbound network traffic.
Flutter
An open-source toolkit and framework used to develop cross-platform native applications. Google
published it in 2017, which means it is quite new technology. The main difference between
Flutter and other frameworks is that the app coded in Flutter is a real native app. Moreover,
developers can write one part of the source code in Kotlin or Swift, which produces a specific
effect. Thanks to that, developers don't have to use only the Flutter SDK ecosystem. However,
Flutter is based on the Dart programming language. Developers must learn Dart if they want to
use Flutter, but it is profitable. It allows the creation of Android and iOS apps at the same
time.
Framework
Defined structure to build the app, which provides a set of components and libraries dedicated
to specific activities. Thanks to this, the developer can avoid many common problems that occur
when creating an application. They are already solved using such solutions.
Frontend
Unlike the backend, the frontend is a layer responsible for everything the user sees and feels.
It is, for example, the website interface, menu, text, and the whole graphic design. It is
tightly coupled with UX and UI. The most popular frontend technologies are React, Angular, and
Vue.JS.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. It is one of the most popular and the oldest standard client-server
protocol that allows transferring files, mainly used to transfer and edit websites files. In
this way, websites are uploaded onto the Internet.
G
GUI
Graphical User Interface. Variation of UI. It's a defined way of displaying information and the
system's interaction with users. Examples of GUIs are icons, buttons, and menus. It replaces the
commands. It's easier to just click on an icon than to type a detailed command on the keyboard.
H
Hardware
Material parts of a computer - for example, cases, graphic cards, disks, keyboards, etc.
Hosting
Renting space on the service provider's server. Thanks to this, the website placed there can be
available non-stop. For example, placing a website on a private computer will make the website
inaccessible when the computer is turned off, unlike hosting, where the server is running all
the time.
HTML
HyperText Markup Language. It is a programming language that defines the display of a website.
It consists of several elements, including tags and data types. The newest version is called
HTML5. HTML allows the addition of essential elements to the text. It is responsible for
headings, paragraphs, borders, and also for positioning images or videos. XHTML is an Extensible
HyperText Markup Language. Theoretically, this is a successor of HTML, but in fact, it's just a
different way of presenting the structure of the page code as compared to HTML.
HTTP/HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the protocol that defines how devices communicate. A protocol
with the letter S (Secure) at the end means it provides an encrypted connection. Of course,
HTTPS is better. It should be used wherever personal data is processed. This protocol is
necessary on banking and government websites, as well as wherever you can pay online. You can
check the type of protocol by just double-clicking on the website address in your browser.
Hybrid App
The combination of a native and web application, which works on all mobile systems (Android and
iOS). The main advantage of hybrid apps is that there is no need to write separate applications.
However, to use features of native functions of the phone, such as camera or GPS, the developer
must use a unique library. The most famous examples of that are Twitter and Gmail. Coding such
an application is much faster and cheaper because the app shares standard code across all
platforms.
I
Ionic
One of the most popular open-source frameworks and toolkits for developing cross-platform mobile
hybrid applications. It was based on AngularJS and Apache Cordova. Ionic has many features, such
as allowing the choice of the framework of the user interface. Thanks to that, it is better and
more extended than Apache Cordova. Moreover, it allows using the device's camera, GPS, Cordova,
and Capacitor plugins. The app can be adapted to each operating system.
iOS
The original operating system from Apple, only for their iPhone and iPad. It was published in
2007 as an iPhone OS, but in 2010 the name was changed to iOS. However, this is not a separate
system because it is based on Mac OS - a desktop operating system. Applications are mainly
written in Swift or Objective-C.
IoT
Internet of Things. It is a method of devices communicating without humans. It needs access to
the network. Mainly, we know it as Smart Home, but wearables devices and cars are also included.
Thanks to that, we can control things such as washers, fridges, or lights from smartphones.
Another example of IoT is also autonomous car driving systems.
IP Address
A unique numeric network identifier containing information about the device and its location. It
is made from four sets of numbers from 0 to 255. It means that the IP address could be from
0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. These are not random numbers. They are mathematically calculated.
However, the IP address may change, such as resetting the router.
J
Java
An object-oriented, class-based programming language and platform in general-purpose uses
developed by Oracle. It is so universal that it works on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. Java could
develop whole applications, such as only small modules to the app or website. Moreover, many
websites require installed Java plugin on devices to correct work because it allows running Java
modules. The main advantages of Java are simple learning, fast coding, and independence from the
operating systems. It makes it one of the primary most popular programming languages.
JavaScript
The third most important language used in web development, next to HTML and CSS. It is an
advanced script programming language that allows the implementation of complicated elements.
Netscape developed it. Mainly, it is used in web development. It enables the creation of dynamic
content on the website, such as multimedia, animations, etc. Thanks to this, the website doesn't
have to have only static information, as well as, it could have various interactive modules or
3D graphics.
jQuery
An open-source library for JavaScript, which expands it by adding new functionality, such as
controlling DOM, using selectors, and animations. Mainly, jQuery simplifies work with
JavaScript. It can be used on almost every website, e-shop, and app. For example, this is an
excellent option for a dynamic menu.
K
Kotlin
A statically typed cross-platform programming language developed by JetBrains. It's running on a
Java virtual machine. At the end of coding, it compiles to Java. In short - this is an overlay
that improves basic Java. Currently, Kotlin is an official programming language for Android
native apps. It is used in the majority of apps, such as Netflix or Uber. The main advantage is
the transparency of the code, but it may be more complicated than clear Java. Moreover, Kotlin
has built-in null-safety, which means the program will not create a null reference. Regular Java
doesn't have such solutions.
L
Laravel
An open-source framework for PHP, which is used to develop web applications. Such as booking
platforms or e-commerce. It was created in 2011, and currently, it is the most popular
framework. It gained popularity thanks to the clearness and simplicity of the code and the
automation of many processes. The biggest "competitor" of Laravel is Symfony which is also a PHP
framework.
Linux
An open-source and free operating system, which means everyone can use its source code. It is
one of the most important differences between Linux and Windows. Moreover, that system does
nothing without the user's confirmation. Linux even doesn't have any repair tools - the user
must do each fix. However, thanks to that, everyone can personalize it to their needs. Also,
this is a safer operating system than Windows, but it loses in entertainment and multimedia. So,
who uses Linux? Mainly enthusiasts, specialists, and persons who care about privacy. It is not
as popular as Windows or Mac OS.
M
Mac OS
A closed-source operating system developed by Apple for their computers. Theoretically, it is
easy to use, but the person, who used Windows before, could say that is non-intuitive. The main
advantage is Apple's whole ecosystem because every product, such as iPhone, iPad, etc., is
integrated. Moreover, this is a very stable and safe system and also has an extended cloud
system which allows for easy file transfer. Thanks to those advantages, this is a very popular
system in the business. However, Apple products are relatively expensive and require you to pay
for many programs.
Magento
One of the most popular platforms for e-commerce. Statistically, one of ten e-shops is based on
Magento. It's a universal solution - it is matched with small shops and also with wholesale. The
main advantages of Magento are scalability, open-source code, and being SEO-friendly. Companies
such as Ford, Coca-Cola, and Nike used this solution because it's an excellent platform for big
projects.
MIT license
Also known as X11 license. One of the simplest licenses for open-source software. It gives
unlimited access to using, copying, modifying, and sharing. Also, it allows selling that. MIT
has only one requirement - all modified versions must have license terms and information about
the original author.
ML
Machine Learning. It is one part of AI focused on self-learning algorithms. Thanks to that,
devices and systems can analyze all databases and learn from them without human intervention in
the source code. The most noticeable in Chatbots is that they learn how to talk with users and
constantly increase virtual knowledge. Thanks to that, there are more and more possible answers
in their database.
MMP
Minimal Marketable Product. It is a phase of product development when it has limited
functionality. Usually, it doesn't have important basic functions, but it's ready to enter the
market. That method allows for a faster start (for a small target group) and starts generating
profits. The most famous example is the iPhone which was started as an MMP.
Mobile-first
Method of designing and developing websites and applications that assumes first to create a
project for mobile devices. Only later is it adapted to the other devices. The reason for this
is still the increasing number of mobile users. Moreover, the mobile version usually is lighter
and faster than others because it includes only necessary features.
MPA
Multi-Page Application. It is an outdated method of creating websites pushed out by the SPA. It
consists of creating many separate HTML pages, and every movement on the website causes that
content must be reloaded by connecting to the server again. Because of that, the website is
sluggish.
MVC
Model-View-Controller. It's a project template used in developing software. It is divided into
three layers - model, view, and controller. The first layer describes the structures of data and
elements. The next one is the interface that is what the user sees. And the third defines the
logic and is responsible for connecting the previous two layers.
MVP
Minimum Viable Product. It is a phase of product development when it has the only important and
necessary functionalities. Unlike MMP, that product isn't ready to enter the market. It is only
a prototype - often one of several. It allows checking the community feedback about the product.
When opinions are positive, the product can be further developed with the following
functionality. Otherwise, developers will build a new and better MVP or decide to leave the
project because it may turn out to be a failure - this saves time and money. An example of MVP
is Amazon beginning, which started just as an online bookstore.
MySQL
An open-source database management system currently being developed by Oracle. However, it was
created in 1995 by a Swedish company, and it was a closed-source paid system until 2000. It is
available on almost every server. Its main advantages are that it is free, safe, universalized,
and efficient.
N
Native App
It's a dedicated application written only for a specific system, which means that the app must
be written separately for Android and separately for iOS. Such an application has greater
functionality than web and hybrid apps because it can use built-in smartphone functions such as
a camera, GPS, or NFC. Native apps are also faster than other types of mobile apps. The most
famous native mobile apps are WhatsApp and Spotify.
Node.JS
An open-source cross-platform runtime environment based on JavaScript. Thanks to it, developers
can run source code directly on their computers without using the browser. It allows creating
HTML servers. Node.JS is used by many big companies, such as Netflix, LinkedIn, Uber,
Aliexpress, and Twitter. Its main advantages are simplicity and the ability to create an MVP.
Moreover, it is easy to extend its functionality by installing custom modules.
O
Objective-C
An object-oriented extension of the C programming language used for developing native mobile
apps on iOS. Currently, this is outdated technology because Swift replaced it.
Open Source
The software whose source code is available under a license, for example, MIT. It means that
people who have a license can use this code, change it and share. Typically, open-source
software is continuously developed by a large community of developers. Quite the opposite of
closed-source software.
P
PHP
A scripting programming language used in website development, web applications, and e-commerce.
It allows users to generate the website dynamically in real-time and change the data and files.
Statistically, 80% of websites are based on PHP, such as discussion forums, e-mails, and
databases. Moreover, PHP is the primary language for creating forms on websites. The main
advantages are popularity, dynamism, and flexibility. Facebook was invested in developing PHP.
Thanks to that, it is faster than previous versions. Popularity contributes to the fact that
language will not disappear in nearly future from the programming world.
Plugin
An additional module that increases the functionality of the software. The simplest examples of
this are browser plugins, such as Google Translate or AdBlock.
PoC
Proof of Concept. It is usually a short-term process to approve the rationale of the new
business project and make the plan. The team responsible for it must prove the profitability and
sense of the project. Thanks to that, the company can avoid unnecessary expenses when it is
unprofitable.
PostgreSQL
An open-source database management system. It was published in 1994 under MIT license. The main
advantages of PostgreSQL are that it will work better and more efficiently than MySQL in
software with complex database operations.
Push Notification
One-way communication between the server and the application through which the notifications are
displayed. These are sent on the initiative of the app administrator, not due to user requests.
Of course, the user can disable this feature. It means that you don't need to use applications
to receive notifications from it.
Python
One of the most popular open-source programming languages in general-purpose uses created in
1991. Its wide features allow making everything using appropriate frameworks and libraries.
Moreover, this is a cross-platform language. Mainly, Python is used for Data Science and Machine
Learning. Also, it can be used on Raspberry Pi - that's a minimalist computer comparable to the
size of a credit card. Using Django allows the creation of efficient web apps. The simplicity of
code, readability, and universality are the most known features of Python. It is easy to learn.
Its code can be read like just regular text.
R
React Native
An open-source UI framework that is based on JavaScript. That technology allows the creation of
platforms on Android and iOS at the same time. Facebook developed it in 2015 because then Marc
Zuckerberg wasn't glad of using HTML. React Native is the most popular programming tool for
developing mobile native apps. The best examples of this are apps, such as Facebook, Instagram,
Skype, Airbnb, and Uber. It is a revolutionary framework but isn't universal. Every interactive
feature requires coding in a strict native language, such as connecting with the camera or NFC.
Moreover, the owner of React Native is Facebook, which means they can stop developing it or
retract the license at any time.
React.js
A library for JavaScript, which is used for creating apps graphical interfaces. It is also
called just React. Facebook is responsible for it, just like React Native. However, it can be
used with other libraries and frameworks. The main advantage of that is Virtual DOM because the
whole app DOM is stored in memory. Every change causes React to try to find differences between
basic DOM and Virtual DOM. Currently, it is used, for example, on websites such as Netflix,
PayPal, and Walmart.
RWD
Responsive Web Design. It is a method of creating websites that automatically adjust their size
to the screen. It means that the website is always readable, whether displayed on a computer,
tablet, or phone. It's popular because nowadays we have various screen sizes on the phone.
Moreover, Google better positioning pages that display well on phones.
S
SaaS
Software as a Service. It is a type of primary cloud platform. Users pay for the service, not
for the software. The easiest examples of SaaS are email, Slack, and Dropbox.
SEO
Search Engine Optimization. Method of increasing the positioning in search by optimizing the
website for search engine algorithms. An example of SEO is backlink. That's responsible for
improving the visibility of the website, and it could make more potential customers.
SPA
Single Page Application. It is a website that doesn't reload when you use it. Everything is
based on one HTML document. It makes it faster than MPA because the whole content is loaded at
the beginning. As a result, the browser can load every data without communicating with the
server again.
SQLite
An open-source system for managing databases. It also includes a library that allows the
implementation of SQL engines. It isn't required to use servers because it is based on local
disks, where all files are located. Thanks to its features, SQLite is an excellent solution for
in-build systems and programs. Due to that, SQLite is based on many popular Windows
applications.
Swift
An open-source programming language in general-purpose uses created by Apple in 2014. Generally,
Swift is the successor for Objective-C. It is used to develop for devices from the Apple
ecosystem, with systems, such as Mac OS, iOS, WatchOS, etc., which means that many applications
from Apple Store are developed in Swift. It is a more fault-tolerant language than its
predecessor. Swift is based on transparency and simplicity from Python and Ruby, which means
that it's easy to write and read for junior developers.
Symfony
A free object-oriented framework based on PHP, and it's one of the most popular frameworks in
the developer's world. It is fully compliant with the nowadays standards in designing and
building applications. Symfony has many plugins and add-ons which extend its features. Moreover,
it's easy to install and use on various platforms. Due to that, it is used by companies such as
BlaBlaCar, and Joomla.
T
TypeScript
Additional language for Javascript. It is a free and open-source programming language created by
Microsoft. Moreover, every application, written in TypeScript, compiles JavaScript at the end.
The main difference between TS and JS is catching errors. TypeScript was developed to build
bigger applications. Its feature is that its source code is transpiled. Thanks to that,
developers can see every bug earlier, which JavaScript doesn't offer.
U
UI
User Interface. Interface makes it easy, efficient, and enjoyable-user-friendly to operate a
device that produces the desired result. It is responsible for the aesthetics and intuitiveness
of the product. These are all the elements that allow interacting with the users. The most
important is GUI, which provides a better look and feel.
UX
User Experience. These are all sensations experienced by the user when using the product. The
goal of good UX is to increase customer satisfaction and care of their needs. It is responsible
for understanding the user's behavior thoroughly. That's why things like colors or button
placement aren't random.
V
VPN
Virtual Private Network. A way to secure using the network. "Virtual" is a keyword because VPN
exists in-network space, non-physical. Access to this network is restricted. This solution masks
all connections by directing them to the VPN server. It makes a closed tunnel in which the data
is transferred between computer and Internet.
VR
Virtual Reality. It is a technology that generates 3D and 360 degrees vision generated by
computers. That requires special VR goggles which allow enjoying.
Vue.JS
An open-source framework based on JavaScript created by the co-creator of Angular. Originally it
was supposed to be lighter and more flexible than Angular and React. Vue allows the creation of
simple web apps, but thanks to open-source, its possibilities are unlimited. Its advantage is
intuitive, which is liked by developers, also juniors. Due to that, Vue is one of the most
popular frameworks.
W
Web App
An application that works on the server and connects using the network. It is launched using a
browser, so access to the internet is necessary. Web app opens like a standard website but has
different functionality. A typical website is informative, while a web app is interactive. For
example, a hotel booking website is a web application because you can choose an apartment, book,
and pay for it. However, the school website is just a standard website because there is only
information.
Windows
The most popular operating system available on every computer, not including Apple products.
Microsoft created it in 1985, and they are still developing it and releasing new versions.
Currently, customers can buy and use Windows 10, but Windows 11 is already available in the
dev-test version. That system is closed-source, which means that no one has access to the source
code, unlike Linux. Moreover, this is not the most optimized operating system, but its
simplicity and universality cause its popularity. Also, this is a relatively cheap solution, and
the majority of programs are free to use. Entertainment and multimedia are very extended; for
example, many games are available on Windows, unlike Mac OS or Linux, where gamers can't enjoy.
X
Xamarin
An open-source platform is intended to develop modern cross-platform and native mobile
applications using .Net and C#.
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